网络故障排查命令

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网络故障排查命令

ping #检测目标主机是否畅通
traceroute #追踪路由
mtr #检查到目标主机之间是否有数据包丢失
nslookup #查看域名并解析，获取IP地址
telnet #检查端口链接状态
tcpdump #细致分析数据包发送接收的详细内容
netstat #查看网络端口连接状态
ss #另外一种各式的查看网络端口连接状态

检测过程：

ping www.baidu.com #检测设备是否能够上网

[root@node1 test]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (180.101.49.12) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 180.101.49.12: icmp_seq=1 ttl=46 time=24.8 ms
64 bytes from 180.101.49.12: icmp_seq=2 ttl=46 time=24.6 ms
64 bytes from 180.101.49.12: icmp_seq=3 ttl=46 time=24.1 ms
64 bytes from 180.101.49.12: icmp_seq=4 ttl=46 time=24.0 ms
64 bytes from 180.101.49.12: icmp_seq=5 ttl=46 time=24.8 ms
64 bytes from 180.101.49.12: icmp_seq=6 ttl=46 time=24.6 ms
64 bytes from 180.101.49.12: icmp_seq=7 ttl=46 time=24.0 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
7 packets transmitted, 7 received, 0% packet loss, time 6009ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 24.081/24.457/24.833/0.376 ms

traceroute -w 1 www.baidu.com #追踪到达目标主机的路由，如果没有响应则最多等等1秒

[root@node1 test]# traceroute -w 1 www.baidu.com
traceroute to www.baidu.com (180.101.49.12), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets1  * * *2  * * *3  * * *4  49.5.11.113 (49.5.11.113)  6.228 ms  9.228 ms  9.215 ms5  219.232.44.1 (219.232.44.1)  2.188 ms  2.191 ms  2.194 ms6  172.16.243.237 (172.16.243.237)  3.103 ms  3.921 ms  3.904 ms7  172.16.243.1 (172.16.243.1)  6.231 ms  5.990 ms  6.988 ms8  59.108.164.113 (59.108.164.113)  10.963 ms  10.928 ms  10.268 ms9  106.38.64.33 (106.38.64.33)  2.667 ms  3.659 ms  3.698 ms
10  * * *
11  bj141-152-73.bjtelecom.net (219.141.152.73)  4.960 ms  4.988 ms^C

mtr直接执行即可，会实时显示网络数据包情况

nslookup www.baidu.com #某一些服务器仅支持IP访问，则需要通过该命令获取域名对应的IP地址

[root@node1 test]# nslookup www.baidu.com
Server:		10.1.7.88 #域名对用的IP
Address:	10.1.7.88#53Non-authoritative answer:
www.baidu.com	canonical name = www.a.shifen.com. #别名
Name:	www.a.shifen.com
Address: 180.101.49.11
Name:	www.a.shifen.com
Address: 180.101.49.12

telnet #当IP以及域名连接畅通，但网络连接仍然有问题，则需要进一步确认底层端口连接情况

如果没有telnet命令，则直接执行yum install telnet -y

[root@node1 test]# telnet www.baidu.com 80
Trying 180.101.49.12...
Connected to www.baidu.com. #表示端口可达
Escape character is '^]'.
^]
telnet> quite^H
?Invalid command
telnet> quit
Connection closed.

如果端口没有问题，则使用tcpdump进行具体抓包

 [root@node1 test]# tcpdump -i any -n host 10.192.55.179 and port 80 -w /tmp/test.txt #抓取任意网口，从10.192.55.179发送到80端口的数据包，并保存到/tmp/test.txt

netstat -ntpl #查看系统活跃的端口以及对应的控制程序

[root@node1 RPMS]# netstat -ntpl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 10.193.55.179:6840      0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1955633/ceph-osd-yz 
tcp        0      0 10.193.55.179:6808      0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2381937/ceph-osd    
tcp        0      0 10.193.55.179:6841      0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      66963/ceph-osd      
tcp        0      0 10.193.55.179:6809      0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2397198/ceph-osd    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:7481            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      129358/svr-rgw      
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      22873/master

ss -ntpl

[root@node1 RPMS]# ss -ntpl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                     Local Address:Port                                       Peer Address:Port 
LISTEN     0      512                                        10.193.55.179:6840                                                  *:*      users:(("ceph-osd-yz-nos",1955633,55))
LISTEN     0      512                                        10.193.55.179:6808                                                  *:*      users:(("ceph-osd",2381937,56))
LISTEN     0      512                                        10.193.55.179:6841                                                  *:*      users:(("ceph-osd",66963,53))
LISTEN     0      512                                        10.193.55.179:6809                                                  *:*      users:(("ceph-osd",2397198,53))

网络故障排查命令

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