Oracle Study案例之--基于表空间的时间点恢复（TSPITR)
TSPITR(表空间时间点恢复)用于将一个或多个表空间恢复到过去某个时间点的状态，而其他表空间仍然保持现有状态。
TSPITR 相关的概念和术语：
(1) TSPITR (Tablespace Point-In-Time Recover)。TSPITR 是表空间时间点恢复的英文缩写格式，它表示将一个或多个表空间恢复到过去时间点的状态，而其他表空间仍然保持现有状态。
(2) TSPITR 实现方法。当实现表空间时间点恢复时，既可以使用用户管理的表空间时间点恢复方法，也可以使用RMAN 管理的表空间时间点恢复。
(3) DBPITR (Database Point-In-Time Recovery)。DBPITR 是数据库时间点恢复的英文缩写格式，它表示将数据库的所有表空间恢复到过去时间点的状态。注意，DBPITR 只适用于ARCHIVELOG 模式。
(4) 主数据库(Primary Database)。主数据库是指用于存放应用系统数据的Oracle 数据库，也被称为产品数据库或目标数据库。当执行TSPITR 时，主数据库是指包含被恢复表空间的数据库。
(5) 恢复集(Recovery Set)。恢复集是指在主数据库上需要执行 TSPITR 的表空间集合。注意，当在恢复集的表空间上执行TSPITR 时，要求这些表空间必须是自包含的。
(6) 辅助数据库(Auxiliary Database)。辅助数据库是主数据库的一个副本数据库。当执行TSPITR 时，辅助数据库用于将恢复集表空间恢复到过去时间点。注意，辅助数据库的所有物理文件都是从主数据库备份中取得，并且辅助数据库必须包含SYSTEM 表空间、UNDO 表空间以及恢复集表空间的备份文件。
(7) 辅助集(Auxiliary Set)。辅助集是指辅助数据库所需要的、除了恢复集表空间文件之外的其他文件集合。当执行 TSPITR 时，辅助数据库除了需要恢复集表空间的备份文件之外，还需要备份控制文件、SYSTEM 表空间的备份文件、UNDO 表空间的备分文件。
一、TSPITR相关基本概念
什么是TSPITR？
TSPITR实际上是一种时间点恢复，只不过这里的恢复是针对单个表空间而言的，利用这种方法可以将数据库中的某一个或几个非系统表空间恢复到过去的某个时刻而保持其他的表空间不变。
Oracle只有在控制文件、数据文件头、联机日志文件三者的scn都一致的情况才能正常打开数据库，所以我们不可能在需要进行TSPITR的数据库中直接进行恢复，这就牵涉到另外一个概念辅助实例（auxiliary instance）/辅助数据库(auxiliary database)
主数据库、辅助数据库、辅助实例、恢复集、辅助集
主数据库是指需要进行TSPITR的数据库。 辅助数据库是主数据库的一个副本或是其一个子集，用于进行TSPITR，因为TSPITR不能直接在主数据库上进行。 辅助实例对应于辅助数据库的一个实例。 恢复集是指构成需要进行TSPITR的表空间的所有数据文件的备份。 辅助集是指表空间进行恢复所需的其它所有文件，包括systemundo emp 表空间的备份文件、备份控制文件、归档日志文件、口令文件、参数文件等。
案例分析：基于表空间的时间点恢复
1、测试环境03:57:50 SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
03:57:57 SQL>03:59:43 SQL> select * from tab; TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
EXCEPTIONS TABLE
LXTB1 TABLE
LXTB2 TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE
SYS_TEMP_FBT TABLE
BONUS TABLE
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE8 rows selected.03:59:45 SQL> select table_name,tablespace_name from user_tables; TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
EXCEPTIONS USERS
LXTB1 USERS
LXTB2 LXTBS2
SALGRADE USERS
BONUS USERS
DEPT USERS
EMP USERS
SYS_TEMP_FBT8 rows selected.04:00:08 SQL> select * from lxtb2; ID
----------12345678101110 rows selected.2、对主库做热备份04:00:09 SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
04:00:14 SQL>
04:00:14 SQL> @/home/oracle/test_hot_bak
04:00:22 SQL> set feedback off pagesize 0 heading off verify off linesize 100 trimspool on echo off time off
***spooling to /disk1/backup/test/hot_cmd.sql
spool /disk1/backup/test/hot_bak/hot_bak.lst
alter system switch logfile;
alter tablespace SYSTEM begin backup;
host cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf /disk1/backup/test/hot_bak
alter tablespace SYSTEM end backup;
alter tablespace RTBS begin backup;
host cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/rtbs01.dbf /disk1/backup/test/hot_bak
alter tablespace RTBS end backup;
alter tablespace SYSAUX begin backup;
host cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf /disk1/backup/test/hot_bak
alter tablespace SYSAUX end backup;
alter tablespace USERS begin backup;
host cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf /disk1/backup/test/hot_bak
alter tablespace USERS end backup;
alter tablespace LOB_16K begin backup;
host cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/lob_16k01.dbf /disk1/backup/test/hot_bak
alter tablespace LOB_16K end backup;
alter tablespace UNDOTBS1 begin backup;
host cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs1.dbf /disk1/backup/test/hot_bak
alter tablespace UNDOTBS1 end backup;
alter tablespace INDX begin backup;
host cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/indx01.dbf /disk1/backup/test/hot_bak
alter tablespace INDX end backup;
alter tablespace LXTBS1 begin backup;
host cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/lxtbs01.dbf /disk1/backup/test/hot_bak
alter tablespace LXTBS1 end backup;
alter tablespace LXTBS2 begin backup;
host cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/lxtbs2.dbf /disk1/backup/test/hot_bak
alter tablespace LXTBS2 end backup;
archive log list;
spool off;Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /disk4/arch/test
Oldest online log sequence 6
Next log sequence to archive 9
Current log sequence 93、备份控制文件，作为备库的controlfileSQL> alter database backup controlfile to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/control01.ctl';
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options4、生成pfile 文件SQL> create pfile from spfile；5、表被误操作（truncate）[oracle@work test]$ sqlplus / as sysdba;SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Oct 27 04:01:49 2011Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options04:01:50 SQL>
04:01:50 SQL> insert into scott.lxtb2 values (9); 1 row created.04:02:15 SQL> insert into scott.lxtb2 values (12); 1 row created.04:02:17 SQL> insert into scott.lxtb2 values (13); 1 row created.04:02:19 SQL> commit; Commit complete.04:02:21 SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered.04:02:39 SQL> / System altered.04:02:40 SQL> / System altered.04:02:41 SQL> truncate table scott.lxtb2; Table truncated.04:02:50 SQL> select * from scott.lxtb2; no rows selected04:02:56 SQL> ! 6、生成备库的pfile 文件（inittest2.ora)和备库口令文件[oracle@work dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwtest2 password=oracle entries=3 force=y[oracle@work hot_bak]$ cp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/inittest.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/inittest2.ora--------备库pfile 文件[oracle@work dbs]$ cat inittest2.oratest.__db_cache_size=251658240
test.__java_pool_size=4194304
test.__large_pool_size=4194304
test.__shared_pool_size=150994944
test.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_trail='NONE'
*.background_dump_dest='$ORACLE_BASE/admin/test/bdump'
*.core_dump_dest='$ORACLE_BASE/admin/test/cdump'
*.db_16k_cache_size=12582912
*.db_4k_cache_size=12582912
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_cache_size=30M#DEMO
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='test'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/disk1/flash/test'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.fast_start_mttr_target=900
*.fast_start_parallel_rollback='HIGH'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/disk4/arch/test'
*.log_archive_dest_2=''
*.log_archive_format='arch_%t_%s_%r.log'
*.log_checkpoints_to_alert=TRUE
*.nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'
*.O7_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY=FALSE
*.optimizer_mode='choose'
*.parallel_threads_per_cpu=4#SMALL
*.pga_aggregate_target=10485760
*.query_rewrite_enabled='true'
*.query_rewrite_integrity='trusted'
*.recovery_parallelism=4
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.resource_limit=TRUE
*.sga_max_size=440401920
*.sga_target=418m
*.shared_pool_size=100M#DEMO
*.star_transformation_enabled='true'
*.undo_management='auto'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='$ORACLE_BASE/admin/test/udump'
*.utl_file_dir='/home/oracle/logmnr'---------添加以下内容*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/control01.ctl'
db_unique_name = test2
db_file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2')
log_file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2','/disk1/oradata/test','/disk1/oradata/test2')7、拷贝主库备份数据文件到备库目录下[oracle@work hot_bak]$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2
[oracle@work hot_bak]$ mkdir /disk1/oradata/test2[oracle@work test]$ cd /disk1/backup/test/hot_bak/
[oracle@work hot_bak]$ ls
hot_bak.lst indx01.dbf lob_16k01.dbf lxtbs01.dbf lxtbs2.dbf rtbs01.dbf sysaux01.dbf system01.dbf undotbs1.dbf users01.dbf
[oracle@work hot_bak]$ cp *.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/8、启动备库到nomountexport ORACLE_SID=test2
[oracle@work hot_bak]$ export ORACLE_SID=test2
[oracle@work hot_bak]$ !sql
sqlplus / as sysdba;SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Oct 27 04:05:28 2011Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.04:05:29 SQL>
04:05:29 SQL> startup nomount pfile=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/inittest2.ora
ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 440401920 bytes
Fixed Size 1219904 bytes
Variable Size 113246912 bytes
Database Buffers 322961408 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes8、启动备库到mount状态04:05:43 SQL> alter database mount clone database; Database altered.04:06:25 SQL> col name for a50
04:06:32 SQL> select name ,file# ,status from v$datafile; NAME FILE# STATUS
-------------------------------------------------- ---------- -------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/system01.dbf 1 SYSOFF
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/rtbs01.dbf 2 OFFLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/sysaux01.dbf 3 OFFLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/users01.dbf 4 OFFLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/lob_16k01.dbf 5 OFFLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/lxtbs01.dbf 6 OFFLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/lxtbs2.dbf 7 OFFLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/undotbs1.dbf 9 OFFLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/indx01.dbf 14 OFFLINE9 rows selected.10、将数据文件联机04:09:17 SQL> alter database datafile 1 online; Database altered.04:09:24 SQL> alter database datafile 2 online; Database altered.04:09:26 SQL> alter database datafile 3 online; Database altered.04:09:28 SQL> alter database datafile 4 online; Database altered.04:09:30 SQL> alter database datafile 5 online; Database altered.04:09:32 SQL> alter database datafile 6 online; Database altered.04:09:34 SQL> alter database datafile 7 online; Database altered.04:09:36 SQL> alter database datafile 9 online; Database altered.04:09:40 SQL> alter database datafile 14 online; Database altered.04:09:42 SQL> select name ,file# ,status from v$datafile
04:09:47 2 ; NAME FILE# STATUS
-------------------------------------------------- ---------- -------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/system01.dbf 1 SYSTEM
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/rtbs01.dbf 2 ONLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/sysaux01.dbf 3 ONLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/users01.dbf 4 ONLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/lob_16k01.dbf 5 ONLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/lxtbs01.dbf 6 ONLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/lxtbs2.dbf 7 ONLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/undotbs1.dbf 9 ONLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/indx01.dbf 14 ONLINE9 rows selected.11、在备库上做基于时间点的database recover（时间点就是truncate时的时间点，可以用logmnr找出）04:09:48 SQL> recover database until time '2011-10-27 04:01:50' using backup controlfile;
ORA-00279: change 1354493 generated at 10/27/2011 04:00:23 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /disk4/arch/test/arch_1_9_765501215.log
ORA-00280: change 1354493 for thread 1 is in sequence #904:10:30 Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.12、open database 查看恢复04:10:37 SQL> alter database open resetlogs; Database altered.04:10:58 SQL> select * from scott.lxtb2; ID
----------12345678101110 rows selected.04:11:30 SQL>
---------------------恢复成功13、将恢复后的表空间导出（lxtbs2 tablespace）[oracle@work data]$ exp userid='sys/oracle as sydba' point_in_time_recover=y tablespaces=lxtbs2 file=lxtbs2.dmpExport: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Oct 27 04:15:34 2011Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.EXP-00004: invalid username or password
Username: sys as sysdba
Password: Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Export done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)
Note: table data (rows) will not be exportedAbout to export Tablespace Point-in-time Recovery objects...
For tablespace LXTBS2 ...
. exporting cluster definitions
. exporting table definitions
. . exporting table LXTB2
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
. exporting referential integrity constraints
. exporting triggers
. end point-in-time recovery
Export terminated successfully with warnings.
[oracle@work data]$14、将表空间导入到主库----------将主库表空间脱机 test (主库）04:13:45 SQL> alter tablespace lxtbs2 offline; Tablespace altered.--------拷贝备库表空间datafile 到主库目录下[oracle@work data]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test2/lxtbs2.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test[oracle@work data]$ export ORACLE_SID=test-------------导入到主库[oracle@work data]$ imp userid='sys/oracle as sysdba' point_in_time_recover=y file=lxtbs2.dmp ignore=yImport: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Oct 27 04:38:29 2011Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining optionsExport file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
About to import Tablespace Point-in-time Recovery objects...
import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)
. importing SYS's objects into SYS
. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT
. . importing table "LXTB2"
. importing SYS's objects into SYS
Import terminated successfully without warnings15、验证04:30:39 SQL> alter tablespace lxtbs2 online; Tablespace altered.04:38:51 SQL> select * from scott.lxtb2; ID
----------12345678101110 rows selected.-----------数据文件恢复到truncate 之前